Review of the Antifungal Itraconazole Use in Pets

Posted on October 9, 2012 by Wes Hepker

Fungal Infections and the use of Itraconazole in Pets

Any mammal can contract fungi through the air, soil, or contaminated food at any time. Fungal parasites are single-celled organisms ingested either orally or inhaled. Certain fungi are directly responsible for certain systemic diseases.

Itraconazole Antifungal Capsules for Pets

Itraconazole Antifungal Capsules Available at VetRxDirect

Itraconazole is a prescription antifungal drug used to fight systemic fungal infections in cats and dogs. How common are they? Because these organisms grow slowly and are difficult to control, the drugs must be administered for a protracted period of time. Unlike antibiotics, medications which kill yeast and fungi are often prescribed for several weeks, even months.

When an infection has been confirmed, veterinarians often prescribe Itraconazole for serious illnesses demanding long-term treatment. You dog’s veterinarian will most likely recommend a powerful antifungal to be taken on a regular basis for at least two months. Only after all symptoms have subsided can the treatment be safely discontinued.

How to Administer Itraconazole Medication to Pets

Just as with people, drug schedules and dosages must be adjusted based on age, weight, and the severity of the condition or disease. It is the job of your veterinarian to determine exactly how much and how often your dog or cat should take this medicine. For most pets, the easiest and most effective way to give Itraconazole is to put it in food. But if you happen to miss giving a dose, do not double it to catch up, since the medication is quite potent.

In order to improve absorption, it is often a good idea to pair Itraconazole with a high-fat food, such as cheese, butter, or fatty meats. The medication should be administered until otherwise advised by your veterinarian. Failing to complete the full treatment will greatly increase the risk of recrudescence, i.e., the disease may come back!

Side effects of Itraconazole in Pets

Almost all drugs have the potential of side effects. Fortunately, Itraconazole has fewer than most. The most common side effects are loss of appetite and liver toxicity, both of which are quite rare. That said, these side effects should always be reported to your veterinarian as soon as possible. Failure to do so could result in more serious health problems over the course of the treatment.

Precautions of Itraconazole Use in Pets

Like all prescription drugs, Itraconazole should be kept out of the reach of children. It should only ever be administered according to your veterinarian’s express directions. The medication should only be given to the animal for which it was prescribed and never to another pet or person. Because it is passed through the milk, Itraconazole is generally not prescribed to pregnant pets.

Interactions of Itraconazole with Other Medications in Pets

Generally safe to take with other medications, the effectiveness of Itraconazole may be greatly reduced if the patient is taking antacids or drugs used to decrease stomach acid, since it will limit the amount of Itraconazole absorbed. Pet owners should consult their vets before they administer Itraconazole in conjunction with another prescription drug or even a supplement.

Overdose Warnings of Itraconazole in Pets

As class of drugs, antifungals are quite powerful. If an animal accidentally ingests more than prescribed it is imperative to contact your local Animal Poison Control Center immediately. Make sure you bring the prescription container with you when your pet is taken in for emergency treatment.

Combinations

Whenever there is any sign of a serious systemic fungal infection, Itraconazole is the most commonly prescribed drug at the outset. Because it can be used to combat a whole host of infections, including blastomycosis, aspergillosis, cryptoccocosis, and more, the drug is considered a sort of panaceas where fungal infections are concerned. Of course, once the doctors complete additional tests and they are able to identify the infection, they my combine Itraconazole with an injectable antibiotic for up to one month.

Which Pets are at Risk of Contracting a Fungal Infection?

Aspergillosis is the most common type of fungal infection and is found in grass clippings, hay, straw, and dust. It is considered an opportunistic disease because it targets both cats and dogs and is nearly ubiquitous in some environments. As a general rule, it is much more common in younger pets, since they have immature immune systems to fight off the invading infection. Because they have longer heads and noses and more sensitive nasal cavities, dogs are more likely to suffer from these infections than cats.

Has your pet suffered from a fungal infection where Itraconazole was used? Are there any lessons from the experience you would like to share with us? Please leave any comments you have below.

Thank you,

Wes

Review of Pancreatic Drugs for Dogs

Posted on October 8, 2012 by Wes Hepker

Pancreatic Insufficiency in Dogs

According to a recent survey compiled by the American Pet Products Association, there are over 78 million owned dogs in the United States, making them second most popular domesticated animal in the land, after the housecat. Just like their owners, our canine friends occasionally get sick and require medical attention. Today we are going to discuss pancreatic insufficiency in dogs—what it is, what causes it, how to diagnose it, and how to treat it.

But before we can fully understand the nature of the disease, it is important to talk a bit about the pancreas itself. A vital organ in all mammals, the pancreas is located under the stomach and beside the duodenum, the upper portion of the small intestine. The pancreas is responsible for two important functions necessary to complete healthy digestion of the foods we all eat. First, the endocrine pancreas secretes the hormones glucagon and insulin, which are needed to regulate blood sugar levels. Second, the organ releases enzymes required to break down food so it can be fully absorbed by the intestines.

What is Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI)?

When a canine suffers from EPI, its pancreas will not excrete enough of the enzymes needed for healthy digestion, which means even if the dog has a healthy appetite his cells will not receive the calories, i.e., energy they desperately need. As a result, these poor pooches are literally starving no matter how much food they consume because the nutrients cannot be absorbed and used for fuel.

Symptoms of Pancreatic Insufficiency in Dogs

Weight loss without a corresponding loss of appetite is the most noticeable sign of EPI. In fact, many dogs with the condition actually eat a lot more than they did before, since their cells are starving. Another common symptom is protracted bouts of diarrhea and flatulence. Because they are not getting the nutrients they need, a dry-looking coat and dry, flaky skin are other common signs of the disorder. Lastly, a formerly energetic and athletic dog may be reduced to lethargy in short order. They may no longer have the strength to play fetch, go for long walks, or even make it up the stairs unassisted.

Causes of Pancreatic Insufficiency in Dogs

Pancreatic atrophy is the most common cause of EPI. This occurs when the organ either wastes away or decreases in size. Although the disorder is idiomatic, or of unknown origin, most researchers strongly suspect it is an inherited condition. However, it is not present at birth and usually appears between the ages of 4 and 5. Unfortunately, there is no known cure for EPI, but it can be managed with lifelong treatment. As long as there is no permanent damage to the organ, dogs usually regain the weight they lost soon after the disease is diagnosed and can then live a normal life.

Treatment of Pancreatic Insufficiency in Dogs

If you observe any of the aforementioned symptoms, it is important to get your pooch to the veterinarian as soon as possible. Because it is a degenerative disorder, failure to do so could lead to permanent damage, even death. Once your canine friend has been properly diagnosed by an experienced veterinarian, treatment can begin. Treatment for EPI always includes pancreatic enzyme supplements added to your dog’s food to aid healthy digestion. These medications are typically prescribed in powered form and are tasteless and odorless. In other words, your dog won’t know he’s taking medicine.

In addition to prescription medications, it is often recommended that you put your canine friend on a low fiber, low fat diet, which should make digestion a bit easier. In extreme cases veterinarians may also prescribe antibiotics to control bacterial growth in the intestines. For dogs with low-normal B12, vets may also recommend B12 supplements.

PanaKare Plus Pancreatic Enzymes for Pets

PanaKare Plus Available at VetRxDirect

The most common treatment for EPI is a pancreatic enzyme concentrate taken in power form. Tablets are typically less effective and may need to be crushed before they can be mixed into your dog’s food. PanaKare™ Plus Powder And Tablets is a popular enzyme concentrate fortified with vitamins A, D, and E.

The average dose and scheduling is 1 teaspoon administered before each meal. Of course, this dosage may be adjusted based on the size of your dog and the severity of the condition. Because they usually consume more food, larger dogs may need significantly more powder to aid healthy digestion.

Does your dog suffer from Pancreatic Insufficiency Do you have any suggestions or hints we should know? Please leave comments below so we can learn from your experiences.

Wes

What Prescription Pet Medicines Can Help Corneal Ulcers in Dogs

Posted on October 6, 2012 by Wes Hepker

Because of genetics, dogs tend to have more eye problems than cats. According to experts, canines have a larger field of vision, but felines see much better up-close. Dogs cannot clearly focus on objects more than ten inches away. But since they evolved as hunters, both animals rely more on motion than on clarity or focus. In terms of overall vision measured by human standards, cats see better than dogs in all lighting conditions, including low light.

And when it comes to eye health, dogs tend to have more problems as they age. One of the most common and debilitating disease is ulcerative keratitis, also known as corneal ulcers. In this article we will discuss the signs and symptoms of the condition, as well as effective treatment options.

What is the dog’s cornea?

When it comes to basic structure and anatomy, the eyes of man and his best friend aren’t all that different. Both contain corneas, which are transparent parts covering and protecting the iris and pupil. The cornea also admits light and is extremely sensitive to environmental pollutants. Ulcers which form on corneas are classified as either shallow or deep.

Causes of Corneal Ulcers in Dogs

There are many reasons why your canine friend may develop corneal ulcers, including infectious bacteria, bee stings, pawing, tear deficiency, trauma, facial paralysis, or irritation caused by something stuck in the eye. The discomfort level of this condition ranges from minor irritation to extreme pain.

Symptoms of Corneal Ulcers in Dogs

Because it is incredibly sensitive, the cornea will react to the smallest of foreign bodies. More often than not, the eye will produce more tears to try to soothe the aggravation. Irritation may also cause redness, squinting, and sensitivity to light. Your pet may also try to rub at the eye with his or her paws in a vain attempt to achieve relief. In serious cases, there may be a noticeable discharge and a film may form over the eye.

Certain Dog Breeds are More Susceptible to Corneal Ulcers

As we mentioned earlier, dogs are more susceptible to genetic disorders and anomalies than cats. Because some dogs have eyelids that tend to roll inward, their eyelashes may come in frequent contact with their corneas, which can cause irritation. Pugs, boxers, bulldogs, and Boston Terriers are just a few of the breeds more likely to have this problem.

Diagnosis of Corneal Ulcers in Dogs

An experienced veterinarian is quite capable of diagnosing corneal ulcers with a simple eye exam. If your pet’s veterinarian needs to get a closer look, the use of diagnostic dyes to search for corneal ulcers or erosions may be used. When there is no noticeable damage, your pet’s veterinarian may take a sample and test it for bacteria and fungi. Blood tests may also be completed in order to rule out serious viral infections.

Treatment of Corneal Ulcers in Dogs

Common treatments for ulcers range from eye drops to surgery. Your veterinarian’s recommendation depends on the underlying cause. If the ulcers are found to be deep and growing, surgery may be the only option. However, this can be avoided with early detection and proper treatment. Catching ulcers early when they are merely superficial makes all the difference.

Antibiotics and other eye medications may also be applied topically onto the eye. Most are designed to stimulate tear production, which has a soothing effect on the eye and may expedite recovery. If your dog is in pain, the veterinarian may prescribe a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication.

Remend Available at VetRxDirect

One of the newest drugs for injuries to the cornea is hyaluronan corneal repair drops. Hyaluronan supports dogs’ natural repair system by providing the optimal environment for healing.

If your dog has protuberant eyes, there’s a good chance tears will not be able to reach the center of the eyes. This can and often does result in dryness, which can cause irritation. Many times, your pet’s veterinarian will recommend artificial eye drops or ointment to increase eye lubrication. Other pets are simply born with tear ducts that are deficient in some way. This can cause Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, also known as dry eye. The most effective and affordable way to deal with this issue is to apply prescription cyclosporine eye ointment as directed by your dog’s veterinarian. Without proper care of dry eye, this problem can lead to corneal ulcers in dogs.

As we mentioned, the drugs your veterinarian will prescribe depend on the underlying

Ciprofloxacin Eye Drops Available at VetRxDirect

cause of the condition. Ciprofloxacin is used primarily to treat bacterial eye infections in both dogs and cats. This powerful antibiotic is sold in drop form and must be used as directed. Although often more docile and obedient than cats, some dogs will resist the application, which must be administered on a regular basis. If you have difficulty applying these eye drops, contact your veterinarian as soon as possible. Your pet’s veterinarian will show you how to apply the drops without much fuss. Also be sure to wash your hands thoroughly before applying any eye medication. Failure to do so could result in increased irritation and recovery times.

Has your dog suffered from Corneal Ulcers or Dry Eye? What products did your veterinarian suggest or prescribe? What successes did you have with these pet meds? Let us know by adding your comments below to share your experiences with other readers who have dogs with eye problems.

Thank you,

Wes

Ouch and Itch! Ear Infections in Dogs

Posted on October 1, 2012 by Wes Hepker

Long and floppy. Straight up. One up, one down. Whatever direction they go, your dog’s ears are some of her most marked characteristics. They can also be the source of a painful problem: ear infection.

That’s not surprising as dogs have complex ear structures, from the earflaps we see outside, which are part of the “outer ear;” to the middle ear, which includes the ear drum, and the inner ear that connects to the brain.

Besides having complex ear structures, some dogs are prone to ear infections more than others including:

• Dogs with long, heavy ear flaps – Cocker Spaniels, Blood Hounds, Springer Spaniels

• Breeds with more hair in their ears – Terriers, Poodles, Schnauzers

• Dogs that spend a lot of time in the water

Scratch ‘n Shake

If you’ve ever had an ear infection – like swimmer’s ear – you know how uncomfortable it can be. Depending on the cause of the infection, your dog may experience pain, pressure, itching, and swelling. Look for these signs of an ear infection in your dog:

• Scratching the ears

• Rubbing the ears along the walls and floors

• Shaking the head

• Redness

• Discharge

• Odor

The Culprits

Bacteria, yeast, mites and fleas are common causes of ear infections. Other causes include allergies, very damp environments, and foreign bodies like burrs and foxtails that lodge in the ear canal. If your dog is exhibiting signs of an ear infection, do not probe his ear with a Q-tip or try cleaning it with alcohol or hydrogen peroxide; both efforts can cause more damage and pain for your dog.

Bend Your Veterinarian’s Ear

Posatex Available at VetRxDirect

If your dog shows signs of an ear infection, head to the vet. Left untreated, an ear infection can quickly become a health emergency for your pup. Your veterinarian will examine your dog’s ears and will probably prescribe a prescription to stop the infection and reduce discomfort.

Your vet may also suggest an over-the-counter ear cleanser to help keep your dog’s ears clean and prevent infections. We stock many ear cleaners right here at VetRxDirect.

What worked to stop your dog’s ear infection? And has regular cleansing helped prevent further trouble? We’re always interested to hear from our customers and appreciate your input.

We’re all ears,

Wes